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Coronavirus is impacting the world we live in for the most vanquished way and all regions of the planet are left with hung economic loss. This pandemic has not just negatively affected medical care frameworks and communities' lives yet additionally influenced world economies and brought about employment misfortunes, and business disturbances, and made us head towards one of the most awful times ever for individuals on the planet. Nearly, every one of the enterprises is going through huge decreases in their business, and the effect is so much tremendous of this pandemic, that they are extending more terrible times ahead. The outburst of the Covid-19 pandemic has a remarkable shock to the Indian economy. The economy was at that point in a dreadful state before COVID-19 struck. With the persistent far-reaching lockdown, worldwide financial crisis, and related interruption of interest and supply chains, the economy has likely confronted an extended time of stand stillness. The extent of the financial effect is presently subject to the span and seriousness of the well-being emergency, the period of the lockdown, and how the circumstance unfurls once the lockdown is lifted. This study depicts the condition of the global economy in the pre-COVID-19 period, surveys the possible effect of the shock on different portions of the economy, and dissects the strategies that have been declared such a long way by the central government and the international banks to improve the financial shock and set forward a bunch of strategy proposals for explicit areas.
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Introduction: Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive fungal infection that increased significantly during the 2nd wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in India. The rise of cases was attributed to inflammatory changes, poor quality oxygen, immune suppression, and corticosteroid therapy.Case Presentation: This case study reports the history, treatment, and rehabilitation of a case of post-Covid-19 mucormycosis infection. The patient was admitted to the hospital following respiratory distress, at the beginning of the 2nd Covid-19 wave in India. Intravenous antibiotics, steroids, and moist O2 were administered, intensive support was provided and the patient was discharged after 13 days. Following extraction of 17, the patient reported signs of oro-antral communication which was managed by performing antral lavage and buccal advanced flap closure. Histopathological investigation of tissue salvaged during the procedure revealed the presence of fungal hyphae.Management and Prognosis: Following diagnosis, anti-fungal medication was prescribed, and a maxillectomy was performed to remove the affected tissue. On follow-up, the tissue healed with no further complications or symptoms, and rehabilitation was performed using an obturators and are movable complete denture. Histopathological investigations were carried out on the tissue salvaged during maxillectomy which confirmed Mucormycosis infection. Conclusion: The importance of histopathological investigation in the diagnosis of any infectious disease is enumerated in this paper. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Journal (2023): https://www.ompj.org/archives
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A multifunctional medical device for the aid of COVID affected patients are scarce. This paper proposes an automated medical device which is incorporated with a feedback mechanism and a GSM base emergency alarm system. The combined sensors in the prototype can acquire readings of a patient's temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and heart condition noninvasively and can send these vitals easily via SMS in real time. Based on the patient's SpO2 level and RR, the system can control the oxygen flow through a nasal canola with the aid of a servo motor mechanism. The system derives information from the sensors to operate automatically based on the degrading vitals of a patient. Due to its nature of user friendliness the protype can be operated without much prior medical knowledge. © 2023 IEEE.
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Many studies have shown the efficacy of pair programming for students learning to program. However, most of these studies have taken place in an in-person environment, where the driver and navigator are physically sharing a keyboard and screen and can communicate verbally and non-verbally. With the increase in online learning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to know whether these results generalize to an online environment. In this work, we develop a methodology to replicate existing pair programming research in a remote context. Students can fulfill the same driver and navigator roles and share access to a single IDE. However, communication is limited to video chat, and participants can never physically interact. This will allow us to replicate various studies, evaluating the efficacy, perceptions, impacts, and perceptions of solo vs. pair programming. An initial study of 116 students enrolled in an introduction to programming course validated our experimental setup and showed that pair programming positively impacted the completion and correctness of programming exercises in an online environment. With 67.3% of pair programming submissions passing at least one test case, vs. 55.3% in the solo programming condition, and 63.5% of pair programming submissions passing all test cases vs. 45.0% of solo submissions (p < 0.02). This work validates our experimental design and shows promise that future work will be able to replicate many additional pair-programming studies in an online environment. © 2022 Owner/Author.
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Pandemics have huge impact on all aspect of people's lives. As we have experienced during the Coronavirus pandemic, healthcare, education and the economy have been put under extreme strain. It is important therefore to be able to respond to such events fast in order to limit the damage to the society. Decision-makers typically are advised by experts in order to inform their response strategies. One of the tools that is widely used to support evidence-based decisions is modeling and simulation. In this paper, we present a hybrid agent-based and discrete-event simulation for the Coronavirus pandemic management at regional level. Our model considers disease dynamics, population interactions and dynamic ICU bed capacity management and predicts the impact of various public health preventive measures on the population and the healthcare service. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction The delay in seeking emergency obstetric care leads to significant maternal morbidity and mortality and can worsen during pandemics, especially in humanitarian conflict settings with low uptake of obstetric services. To mitigate the challenges related to the second delay caused by lack of transport in the COVID-19 pandemic, the organisation United Nations Population Fund implements a community-based referral project called Referral Hub in the Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh. The objective of the paper is to describe the implementation process of the Referral hub and present clients' utilisation and perception of the service. Methods Findings from part of a larger mixed-method study, the analysis of the standard operating protocol of the intervention, secondary data of routine utilisation of the 12 referral hubs between January and August 2020, 21 key informant interviews and a community survey among 100 pregnant women are presented in this paper. Results The findings show an increasing trend in the referral hub utilisation and a strong recommendation of the service. Conclusion Due to a robust referral mechanism by collaborating with the community and engaging accessible and free of cost transport service, the intervention has high potential to improve access to facility care in low-resource and humanitarian contexts, especially during pandemics. Copyright ©
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Aims: National surgical guidance during The Covid-19 pandemic cautioned against surgical intervention with subsequent unsurprising falls in emergency activity. Our unit, in contrast to national guidance, treated patients normally but with enhanced quality measures and without withholding surgery where indicated;key measures introduced included two-consultant operating, early consultant decision-making and daily consultant ward rounds to facilitate early discharge. This study outcomes from these locally developed guidelines. Method(s): All emergency laparotomies are entered contemporaneously On to The NELA database. Activity and outcomes from two time periods, from before and after The advent of Covid-19 (March 2019-2020 vs. March 2020-2021) were compared. Result(s): Emergency laparotomy activity increased from 154 cases to 192 cases (24%). There were no pre-operative differences in frailty scores, ASA, pre-operative predicted mortality (7.4% vs. 6.9%) or predicted morbidity between The two periods. Although 2% of patients developed Covid-19 infection, there was no increase in crude mortality (9% to 8%) or post-operative complications. The proportion of patients who went to critical care after surgery fell though post-operative length of stay also fell (mean 18.8 days vs. 12 days). Conclusion(s): With local guidelines and enhanced consultant-delivered care, emergency surgery was increased during The Covid pandemic without increased complications. This may reflect The marked reduction in activity in neighbouring hospitals and additional capacity due to falls in elective activity. Given The reduction in emergency surgery nationally, it is likely that guidance which cautioned against surgery has led to patients unnecessarily missing out On operative treatment with subsequent poorer outcomes and greater mortality.
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Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many changes in The delivery of surgical services;perhaps The greatest of these, for The long-term sustainability of Surgery at least, is that on training. This study aimed to describe The effect of these changes on operative experience of laparoscopic appendicectomy Methods: All patients who had Surgery for suspected appendicitis from 2016 to 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained database of surgeries. Data for 2020 and 2021 were compared with preceding years. Result(s): Conclusion(s): In 2020, there were fewer operations performed for appendicitis and markedly reduced opportunities for trainees. This may reflect a fall in acute admissions, greater reliance on pre-operative imaging and reployment of surgical juniors. With a focus on returning to 'normal' in 2021 and a commitment to preserving surgical services, training opportunities have returned for laparoscopic appendicectomy despite The impact of COVID.
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Aims: Initial Covid-19 surgical guidance, produced without radiological input, recommended that patients with right iliac fossa (RIF) pain should have imaging before intervention. This study quantified The burden On imaging services from these guidelines. Method(s): Patients who presented to our surgical unit with RIF pain from March to October 2020 were identified. Clinical parameters, radiology and final diagnosis were recorded. Minimum follow-up was 12 months to identify re-admissions and morbidity. Result(s): There were 417 patients. There was a drop in admissions in The first months of each new wave of Covid (March/April, September/October) compared with intervening months (36% vs. 64%, P=0.036). 266 patients (64%) had a CT scan increasing from 42% of patients in March to 75% in September (P=0.019). The proportion of patients with normal imaging increased correspondingly with over a third (34%) of CT scans being normal. 93 CT scans (35%) showed appendicitis, which was The suspected diagnosis in all but 7 of these patients. Patients with normal imaging had lower white cell counts (Mean 10.1x109 vs. 14.8x109/L, P<0.001) and CRps (Mean 21 vs. 99, P<0.001). Patients seen first by a consultant were less likely to require imaging. Conclusion(s): During The first year of Covid-19, two-thirds of patients with RIF pain had a CT scan with a third being normal. Most scans showing appendicitis had clinical parameters consistent with this diagnosis. Current guidelines may lead to unsustainable pressures On radiology services;ensuring consultant assessment prior to imaging requests may reduce The burden On these teams.
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Background: Biomarkers TNFR1, TNFR2, and KIM1 are associated with progression of kidney disease. These biomarkers have not been evaluated in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Method(s): Patients who had COVID-19 and recovered were followed longitudinally at an outpatient clinic with labs and surveys as part of the Mount Sinai Post-COVID clinic. Blood was sent for creatinine at baseline and 6 month follow up visit. We measured plasma TNFR1, TNFR2, and KIM-1 from the first post-COVID visit via Renalytix' proprietary multiplex assay. eGFR was calculated using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula. Result(s): 450 COVID survivors had serum creatinine values measured at baseline (222+/-89 days post-COVID) and 6 month (419+/-97 days post-COVID) follow up. The average age of patients was 50+/-14 years, 62% were female, 60% were white, and 17% were Black. 23% were hospitalized, 4% required ICU admission, and 2% of patients reported AKI. eGFR at the baseline visit was 94+/-21 and at 6-months was 96+/-22 ml/ min/1.73m2. At the baseline visit, KIM-1, TNFR-1, and TNFR-2 levels were highest in patients who were hospitalized and had AKI (Figure 1a) and concentrations of all three were associated with lower eGFR 6 months later (Figure 1b). Conclusion(s): Severity of illness during COVID is associated with higher levels of plasma TNFR1, TNFR2, and KIM1 several months after recovery. The degree of biomarker elevation post-COVID was associated with lower kidney function more than 1 year post-COVID.
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Background and Aim: Kawasaki Disease remains an enigma to the world to this day since first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967. In the last half a century there has been wide-spread global research elaborating the clinical aspects and patho-genesis of this disease entity. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome post Covid (MISC) is a relatively new disease which was described in literature in mid 2020. The striking resemblance as well as differences in spectrum of cardiac involvement of both the conditions has been elaborated in this study from a tertiary care centre in Eastern India. Method(s): The study was conducted over a period of 3 years from June 2018 to June 2021. Fiftyone patients with Kawasaki disease (including atypical and incomplete cases) and sixty children diag-nosed with MISC were included in the study. Echocardiography details were noted by a single observer. Data regarding the patient particulars, clinical aspects, lab parameters, imaging details and treatment particulars were collected and analysed. Patients were followed up for a minimum period of six months to one year. Result(s): In the Kawasaki group(51), infants(20) presented with multiple (and larger) aneurysms. Older children (gt;5 years) had more of single coronary involvement, (mostly LAD) and also had more atypical presentation(18) associated with infections like Dengue, Staphylococcal infection, Scrub Typhus. There were 4 cases of Kawasaki shock syndrome, all below 5 years. In the MISC group (60), there was also multiple coronary involvement in infants (11). But LV dysfunction was more common in older children and adolesecents (20), of whom 18 (90%) presented with severe dysfunction (LVEFlt;35%). Those with coronary involve-ment had normal function and those with dysfunction had no coronary involvement. Mild to moderate aneurysmal dilation of coronaries was found in children one to five years of age. No giant aneurysm was found in MISC. Overall, LMCA with LAD was the commonest pattern of involvement in both the conditions. Conclusion(s): KD and MISC had similar pattern of coronary involve-ment, but absence of giant aneurysm and significantly severe dys-function in older children in MISC indicates a likely different pathogenesis for myocardial involvement in MISC.
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SESSION TITLE: COVID-19 Case Report Posters 3 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis which can be life-threatening in the absence of prompt intervention. Although primarily a pediatric condition, streptococcus pneumonia has been identified as a common pathogen in adults. SARS-CoV 2 has been known to affect a multitude of systems including the upper respiratory tract, but rarely the epiglottis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old female with a past history of hypertension, and hypothyroidism presented with acute onset pharyngodynia and dysphagia with a feeling of throat closing up due to swelling and difficulty speaking. She had a recent COVID-19 diagnosis and was doing well except for mild fatigue. Upon presentation, she was hemodynamically stable. Physical exam revealed posterior pharyngeal edema without any exudate, mildly edematous uvula, and no stridor. Laboratory data was pristine except for elevated inflammatory markers. Rapid streptococcal test and MRSA swab were negative. Sputum culture showed usual respiratory flora and blood cultures were negative. A neck CT showed diffuse edema without any evidence of abscess. Laryngoscopy performed by the ENT surgeon revealed diffuse edema including epiglottitis. Emergent intubation revealed supra and epiglottis edema sparing the vocal cords. The patient was given Decadron and Benadryl to help with the edema along with clindamycin and subsequently transferred to ICU for further care. She was treated with Ceftriaxone for 7 days due to a chest X-ray finding of pneumonia. As for COVID 19 treatment, she received a course of Remdesivir and Decadron. Decadron was given at an increased interval to reduce edema around the epiglottis. Her ICU course was complicated with hypotension requiring intermittent vasopressor support, and acute kidney injury from ischemic acute tubular necrosis which slowly improved. Repeat CT chest showed bibasilar consolidations with peripheral ground-glass opacities. In view of hospital-acquired pneumonia, she was started on Ertapenem. Her clinical condition improved and she was successfully extubated. She was shifted to the floors from where she was discharged without any further complications. DISCUSSION: There are only two other reported cases of COVID 19 epiglottitis. The patient's advanced age and obesity were non-modifiable risk factors, but the COVID-19 infection played a role. The virus can lead to excessive upregulation of the host inflammatory response through repeat epithelial and endothelial damage leading to a cytokine storm, which may be responsible for this presentation. A great level of attention is to be maintained while attending to these patients given the multitude of systems that can be affected. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is a potential cause of life-threatening acute epiglottitis. Early suspicion and direct visualization of the epiglottis is the key to success for early management. Reference #1: Emberey J, Velala SS, Marshall B, et al. Acute Epiglottitis Due to COVID-19 Infection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2021;8(3):002280. Published 2021 Mar 3. doi:10.12890/2021_002280 Reference #2: Smith C, Mobarakai O, Sahra S, Twito J, Mobarakai N. Case report: Epiglottitis in the setting of COVID-19. IDCases. 2021;24:e01116. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01116. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33842206;PMCID: PMC8025537. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Arunava Saha
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Corona Virus had a very undeterminable effect on the whole human race. The most important factor in today's age of artificial intelligence and the internet of things is energy, without which a successful generation's future cannot be imagined. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy sector had battled to stay afloat. The major weapon against the virus was a countrywide shutdown, which was a wise measure, but it also disrupted the economy's routine. According to Global energy review 2020, the countries observing complete lockdown experienced an average 25% decline in the energy demand per week, and the countries observing partial lockdown observed an average 18% decline. The challenges that the Indian power industry faced during the outbreak are examined in this article, and also a suggestion for developing countries to make their energy sectors more resilient to a once-in-a-generation calamity. The study reveals the factors which affect the working of a power sector of both renewable and non-renewable energy sectors which are climatic conditions, operational efficiency, capacity factor, load factor. As a result, we will look at how the crisis affected the factors and how the engineers dealt with the issues. © 2022 Author(s).
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present a better understanding of the specialized telehealth service in Bangladesh from the service provider and service recipients by aged people METHOD: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Data were collected by online telephone interviewing with an interview schedule. A total of 100 aged people with diabetes were selected purposively for a quantitative interview and 10 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) & Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. RESULT: The majority of patients aged was between 61 to 68 years with a mean age of 63.6 +/- 7.01years. The difference of age of DM patients by sex was found statistically significant (x2 = 39.49, df = 31;Cramer's V = .032;P=<.003). The main source of information about digital health was: relatives (55%), neighbors (31%), television (12%), newspaper (10%), social media (9%), and healthcare providers (6%). Strong relationship was found between age of respondents and sources of information (x2= 77.08;Cramer's V= .032, df = 13;Sig;P= < .009). About 59% of DM patients were benefited from telehealth services during COVID-19, however;they encountered some difficulties like effective access to digital technology, cost, and diagnosis facilities. About 83% of respondents suggest formalizing community engagement programs to extend the digital health services during a health emergency. The common barriers to the engagement of community people in digital health care are lack of social awareness, lack of peer group support, and gender disparities. Poor counseling, language barrier, bad internet signal, and lack of family members' support were the key barriers during teleconsultation services. CONCLUSION: Telehealth has the potential to address critical health issues of aged people and effective community engagement may be the best option to reach older people with diabetes in Bangladesh during any health emergency.
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With the development of mankind and growth of our civilization, more and more need is felt for exploration of and working in hazardous environments. The fast development of technology and capability to perform complex computing has made it possible for mankind to remotely perform some work which would otherwise require manual working in close proximity of hazardous environment. Thus mankind has been able to develop remotely controlled vehicle to explore the hazardous environment. A semi-autonomous Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is developed in the present work. A webcam and sensors mounted on the ROV transmits the picture of the immediate neighbourhood and data collected by sensors, to the computer stationed in a remote control room using a Arduino and a few other modules. The picture and sensor data are presented to the operator by a Man Machine Interface. The operator remotely controls the movement of the ROV using a Joystick interfaced to the computer. The ROV has been successfully tested in an infectious disease ward ( like covid ward) of a hospital to deliver medicine, food, clothes and goods to the patients who are suffering from infectious disease by a health care person controlling the ROV from a remote control room. © 2022 IEEE.
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Biophenols (BPs) are one of the natural phytochemical products, found majorly in fruits, cereals, vegetables and beverages. BPs has gotten a lot of press in recent years due to their abundance in nature as well as biological activities. Furthermore, they are potential targets for food and pharmaceutical industries. Many extraction techniques are presented in this paper. Among all the techniques presented in this paper, pressing and solvent extraction methods are considered as traditional techniques while supercritical fluid extraction, solid phase microextraction, microwave assisted extraction, and Enzyme assisted extraction are considered as advanced techniques. The fundamentals on analysis of BPs employing different analytical instrumental techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination in environmental samples are also discussed. Only a few specific polyphenolic chemicals have had their safety and health claims formally sanctioned, therefore recent international regulatory laws are examined. In addition to the health claims and marketing of polyphenols as a functional food, the effects of food processing on polyphenol bioavailability are investigated. A number of investigational agents or polyphenol-rich content like HQC/QC and honey, from photochemistry are being also explored for recent antiviral treatment of COVID-19 and their treatment strategies. The day-by-day advancement in the analytical methodologies for BPs detection provides the platform to find out the health favorable components. This review focuses on the various extraction techniques, structure identification of plant extracts and quantification of BPs. © 2022 The Author(s)
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Indigenous communities in Bangladesh are comparatively disadvantaged and face several barriers regarding rights. Access to technology and ICT can help indigenous communities open new economic, political, and social dimensions. The recent COVID-19 pandemic necessitated technology adoption for routine use, which is equally important for indigenous communities, but their technology adoption scenario remains unexplored in HCI research. Considering the research gap, we interviewed n=36 (Female 26 and Male 10) indigenous people from six different indigenous communities in Chattogarm and Sylhet divisions in Bangladesh. We found that they are strongly connected in communities, have independent technology access, and have no gender differences. They have a strong interest and eagerness to learn available technologies that help them in their professions, enrich their technical skills, communication, social participation, and expand the business. The study also revealed some challenges while using technology, but that did not negatively impact their usage. The study also discussed the community-centric strengths that helped them fight against the COVID-19 crisis and work for their development. This research impacts HCI literature, revealing the technology adoption scenarios of Indigenous communities in Bangladesh. © 2022 ACM.
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Risk communication during COVID-19 is essential to have support, but it is challenging in developing countries due to a lack of communication setup. It is more difficult for the low-income, marginal communities, and specifically, women in developing countries. To understand this, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a qualitative study among N = 37 women (urban 20, rural = 17) across Bangladesh that presents the risk communication factors related to social and financial challenges. It reveals that the majority of the urban communities lack communication with local authorities, where urban low-income communities are the worst sufferers. Due to that, the majority of the urban participants could not get financial support, whereas the rural participants received such support for having communications with local authorities during the pandemic. However, access to technology helped some participants share and receive pandemic-related information about risk communication, and the adoption of financial technology helped to get emergency financial support through risk communication. Moreover, this work is expected to understand the role of risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in Bangladesh.
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Nutritional diet and essential bioactive supplements can shape out to be a vital technique to attain healthy and well-balanced body functioning. Unhealthy dietary habits can result into various physical ailment and one becomes prone to various disease because of the same. COVID-19 infection depends on a two-phase immune response and the risk of infection or overcoming the infection is higher for stronger immune system. In this piece of writing we have correlated the properties of certain immunity strengthening food against the risk of various viral infections. We had also conducted a survey with people living all across India to study the change in food pattern and preferences during this pandemic lockdown situation and have presented them in graphical format. A healthy diet consisting of variou © 2022. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. All Rights Reserved.